Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile
nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of
Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and
Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states.
Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princely states whereas Tonk was a
princely state under a Muslim Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence
in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put up a valiant resistance to the
Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and
chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal incursions
into India and thus contributed to their slower-than-anticipated access
to the Indian subcontinent. Later, the Mughals, through skilled warfare,
were able to get a firm grip on northern India, including Rajasthan.
Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Most
notably, Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the
founder of the Mughal empire.
Rajasthani (Devanagari) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages
family. It is spoken by 20 million people in Rajasthan and neighbouring
states of India and Pakistan. Marwari mostly spoken in Jodhpur division
or thar desert area. It is one of the languages descended from old
western Rajasthani, AKA Maru-Gujar or Maruwani.
The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the
Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to
northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850
kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the
range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River, although a
series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of
Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill
and the ridges farther north.
About three-fifths of Rajasthan of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the
east and south direction.The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is
generally sandy and dry. Most of this region is covered by the Thar
Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli
Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off
the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the
coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow.
The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest
city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert
have some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and
Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur
airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also
situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur.
Though a large percentage of the total area is desert with little forest
cover, Rajasthan has a rich and varied flora and fauna. The natural
vegetation is classed as Northern Desert Thorn Forest (Champion 1936).
These occur in small clumps scattered in a more or less open forms. The
density and size of patches increase from west to east following the
increase in rainfall.
The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is spread over an area of 3,162
square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the
ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna. Seashells and
massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological
history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident
birds of the desert. One can see many eagles, harriers, falcons,
buzzards, kestrels and vultures.
Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.In Rajasthan there are so many place of visit like Hawa Mahal ("Palace of Winds") in Jaipur,Chittorgarh Fort the largest fort in Asia, Chittorgarh Fort the largest fort in Asia,Camel ride in the Thar Desert near Jaisalmer, Hills around Jaipur, viewed from Jaigarh Fort, Reclining Tiger, Ranthambore National Park.
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